Two-and three-electrode impedance spectroscopic studies of graphite electrode in the first lithiation

The first lithiation of graphite electrode was investigated by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy （EIS） and scanning electron microscope （SEM） in a two-electrode button cell and a three-electrode glass cell. The results demonstrate that the study of the variation of EIS feature of the graphite electrode in the two-electrode button cell with electrode polarization potential decreasing in the first lithiation cannot be used to investigate the formation mechanism of the solid electrolyte interphase （SEI） film. However, the formation and growth process of the SEI film can be acquired by investigating the variation of EIS features of the graphite electrode in the three-electrode glass cell with the decrease of electrode polarization potential in the first lithiation. Moreover, the results also point out that the SEI film on graphite electrode is mainly formed between 1.0 and 0.6 V in the first lithiation.     

水系锌-石墨电池的研究新进展

水系锌-石墨电池是一种新型的二次电池,基于水系电解液中的阴、阳离子同时参与电化学反应实现储能,因其具有高能量密度、高功率密度和安全廉价等诸多优势,有望成为替代锂离子电池的下一代储能产品。本文综述了近年来水系锌-石墨电池的发展现状,总结了锌负极、石墨正极存在的问题及现有的解决方案,对水系锌-石墨电池的下一步发展进行了预测。     

Metal–air batteries: A review on current status and future applications

Metal–air batteries(MABs) have been paid much more attention owing to their greater energy density than the most advanced lithium-ion batteries(LIBs). Rechargeable MABs are considered as promising candidates for the next-generation of energy storage techniques for applications ranging from large-scale energy storage systems to electric vehicles and portable devices. However, there are still numerous scientific problems that must be overcome before their commercial application. With the aim of pr...     

钛酸铜锂纳米粒子的制备及其电化学性能研究

采用静电纺丝和热处理技术成功制备了新型锂离子电池负极材料钛酸铜锂(Li2CuTi3O8)纳米粒子.通过扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、透射电镜(TEM)、X射线衍射(XRD)、热分析(TG-DTA)、循环伏安法(CV)、恒流充放电和电化学交流阻抗(EIS)等测试手段对材料的形貌、结构、物相及电化学性能进行了表征和研究.结果表明所制备的Li2CuTi3O8纳米粒子具有良好的立方尖晶石结构,粒度分布均匀,粒径约为100～200nm.充放电测试显示,当电流密度为25mA g-1时,Li2CuTi3O8纳米材料的首次可逆容量为245.3mAh g-1;且该电极在50,100,200,500,1 000mA g-1的电流密度下循环10次后,放电比容量分别为189.2,186.1,176.9,152.2,127.5mAh g-1当电流密度再回到25mA g-1时,比容量仍然可达到228.6mAh g-1,该材料显示出良好的循环稳定性和倍率性能,有望成为锂离子电池新型负极材料.     

SnO$_{\boldsymbol{x}}$S$_{\boldsymbol{y}}$@PANI@rGO 复合材料的制备及其电化学性能

利用水热法合成二硫化锡六方晶片, 通过氧化聚合包裹聚苯胺, 水热还原制备锡氧硫化合物@聚苯胺@还原氧化石墨烯(SnO$_{x}$S$_{y}$@PANI@rGO)复合材料. 分别利用 X 射线衍射(X-ray diffraction, XRD)、傅里叶变换红外(Fourier transform infrared, FT-IR)光谱、扫描电子显微镜(scanning electron microscope, SEM)和透射电子显微镜(transmission electron microscope, TEM)对材料进行形貌和物相分析, 结果表明: 制备的六方形 SnO$_{x}$S$_{y}$被 PANI 和 rGO 双层包覆. 将复合材料作为锂离子电池的负极进行电化学性能研究, 结果显示: 由于多元复合材料中的聚苯胺和还原石墨烯增加了其导电性, 缓冲了 SnO$_{x}$S$_{y}$ 在充放电过程的体积膨胀, 保持了结构稳定性, 展现了优越的电性能.     

基于PCA-NARX的锂离子电池剩余使用寿命预测

目前基于数据驱动的锂离子电池RUL预测方法不能较好地适应于同类型不同电池的RUL预测,且预测精度易受健康因子冗余或不足的影响.针对以上问题,提出一种结合主成分分析（PCA）特征融合与非线性自回归（NARX）神经网络的锂离子电池RUL间接预测框架.首先提取多个能反映电池性能退化的可测参数,并将PCA去除冗余后的结果作为预测健康因子;然后利用一组电池的全寿命数据构建基于NARX神经网络的健康因子和容量预测模型,对同类型不同电池预测时将该电池寿命前期健康因子作为输入,即可间接预测出其RUL.最后实验结果表明所提框架在同类型不同电池RUL的预测中精度较高且适应性较强.      

锂离子电池隔膜材料中离子扩散问题的随机行走模拟

基于自主开发的随机行走模拟软件对锂离子电池隔膜材料中离子扩散问题进行了模拟研究.系统地考察了驱动电势、隔膜平均孔径以及隔膜骨架与离子之间的弱相互作用等因素对锂离子扩散行为的影响.结果表明,锂离子在隔膜材料中的扩散受离子驱动电势和孔道平均孔径影响较大.该研究为锂离子电池设计与优化提供一定的理论参考.     

Preparation and performance of novel LLTO thin film electrolytes for thin film lithium batteries

We prepared a series of lithium lanthanum titanate(LLTO) thin film electrolytes by radio frequency(RF) magnetron sputtering using LLTO targets in a N2 atmosphere.We also deposited the LLTO thin films in an Ar atmosphere under a same condition as references for comparison.The microstructure morphology and the composition of the thin films were investigated by X-ray diffraction(XRD),scanning electron microscopy(SEM) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy(XPS),respectively.Results show that the thin film has an amorphous structure with a uniform surface and it is free of pinholes and cracks.Impedance measurements reveal that the ionic conductivity of the electrolytes is beneficial for all solid lithium batteries dependent on the lithium content at room temperature.We found that the amorphous LLTO thin film performs well and it has potential application in microbatteries for use in microelectronic devices.     

硼酸对硬炭基负极的结构和电化学性能的影响

在预炭化硬炭前驱体酚醛环氧树脂中掺入硼酸制备含硼原子的锂离子电池硬炭基负极材料.通过X射线衍射仪分析、扫描电子显微镜等对材料的微观结构进行表征,采用氮气吸脱附法测定材料的孔特性和比表面积,利用循环伏安、交流阻抗以及恒电流充放电实验研究材料的电化学性能.结果表明:随着硼酸掺入量的增加,硬炭的层间距、比表面积、孔体积和首次不可逆比容量变小,首次库伦效率提高,硼酸掺入质量分数为10%时,硬炭可逆比容量从332.2mAh·g~(-1)增长到461.1mAh·g~(-1),对应的固体电解质中间相膜的电阻从33.86Ω减少为24.53Ω.     

具有分级结构的Co_3O_4绣球花状微米球的构筑及其锂离子电池负极性能研究

采用溶剂热法合成了绣球花状Co_3O_4纳米材料,并利用扫描电子显微镜和X射线衍射仪进行了微观形貌和结构的表征,结果显示样品的形貌为4~6μm绣球花状分级结构微米球,结晶良好,无杂相生成。该绣球花状Co_3O_4纳米材料用做锂离子电池负极材料时表现出很高的可逆比容量和良好的循环性能。在300 m A/g电流密度下,首次放电比容量达1 508 m A·h/g,经过20次循环可逆比容量为1 300 m A·h/g。其良好的电化学性能归功于绣球花状Co_3O_4材料的独特形貌,其多级结构能够缩短锂离子的传输路径,并且拥有足够大的孔隙,来适应和缓解电极材料在循环过程的体积效应。